8 Best Spotting Scope for Camping 2026

The best best spotting scope for camping is the WOSPORTS 85mm Spotting Scope with Tripod, the only one here that balances a huge 85mm objective lens with a waterproof body and a full kit that includes a phone adapter, carrying bag, and tripod right out of the box. It is built for the camper who wants clear, bright views at dusk and dawn without spending a fortune.

Want something lighter that still delivers sharp images at 200 yards? The SVBONY SV28 is a compact, angled 70mm scope that packs down smaller and costs less, as long as you are okay with a slightly smaller field of view.

As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.

This guide goes beyond just listing specs. It tells you exactly which scope suits your camping style, whether you are hiking into a backcountry site or car camping with the family. It also names the buyers who should skip this category entirely, because a spotting scope is not always the right tool.

Everything below comes from current Amazon product data, manufacturer specifications, and the verified owner track record for each model. We have not physically tested these scopes, but we have analyzed hundreds of buyer reports, spec sheets, and comparison data to give you a straight answer.

Quick Answer: The Best Spotting Scope for Camping

The WOSPORTS 85mm is our top pick for its combination of light-gathering ability, included accessories, and waterproofing at a fair price.

Thinking about carrying a monocular or just using your phone camera instead? Jump to Who Should NOT Buy below before you spend anything.

Comparison Table

Here is the lineup at a glance: photo, product, who it is built for, and our /10 score.

Scroll sideways on small screens to see every column.

WOSPORTS 85mm Spotting Scope Tripod: Best Overall for Campers

#1WOSPORTS 85mm Spotting Scope Tripod
WOSPORTS85mm Objective, Full Kit
8.8OUT OF 10
Optical Quality9.0
Build & Durability8.9
Value for Price8.7
Owner Satisfaction8.6
This is the standout pick for campers because it pairs a massive 85mm objective lens with genuine waterproofing and a complete kit that includes a tripod, phone adapter, and carrying bag. The 85mm aperture pulls in significantly more light than a 70mm or 80mm scope, which means you get brighter, clearer views during the golden hours of dawn and dusk. Owner reports consistently praise the image sharpness at magnifications up to 75x, with BAK-4 Porro prisms delivering a crisp, round exit pupil.
The included tripod is a solid aluminum model that feels stable on uneven campsite ground. You do not have to buy a separate phone adapter for digiscoping, because one is already in the box. Verified buyer feedback highlights how easy it is to set up straight out of the box, with the focus knob smooth enough to track a moving animal without overshooting.
Flaws but not dealbreakers. The scope and tripod together weigh a bit more than the SVBONY SV28, so it is not ideal for a long backpacking trip where every ounce counts. A few owners mention that the tripod’s leg locks need a firm twist to stay secure on loose soil.
If you want to shed weight for a multi-day hike, check out the SVBONY SV28 further down the list, which is lighter and smaller but still gives you clear views at 200 yards.
Weight: This scope weighs about 3.5 lb with the tripod, making it better for car camping or base-camp setups than for ultralight backpacking.
Pros
  • 85mm objective lens gathers excellent light for dusk/dawn viewing
  • Includes a sturdy tripod, phone adapter, and carrying bag
  • BAK-4 Porro prisms provide a sharp, bright image
  • Waterproof body holds up against rain and splashes
Cons
  • Heavier than most 70mm scopes, not for long backpacking trips
  • Tripod leg locks can loosen on very uneven ground
  • Eye relief is average for eyeglass wearers
Objective
85mm
Mag Range
25-75x
Prism
BAK-4 Porro
Waterproof
Yes
Best for: Campers who want the brightest possible image at dawn and dusk without spending premium money, and appreciate a ready-to-use kit.

SVBONY SV28 Spotting Scope: Best Budget-Friendly

#2SVBONY SV28 Spotting Scope
SVBONYCompact 70mm, Good Value
8.4OUT OF 10
Optical Quality8.2
Build & Durability8.0
Value for Price8.9
Owner Satisfaction8.5
This is the best budget pick for campers who need a compact, lightweight scope that still delivers clear images at 200 yards without breaking the bank. The SVBONY SV28 uses an angled 70mm objective with BAK-4 prisms, and owner feedback consistently mentions that the image stays sharp and color-true across the 25-75x zoom range. It is also fogproof and lightly waterproof, which is good enough for a sudden rain shower at the campsite.
The package includes a tripod and a phone adapter, so you can grab shots of a distant mountain or a grazing deer without buying extra gear. The scope itself weighs under 1.5 lb, which makes it a good companion for a day hike to a scenic overlook. The focus knob is a dual-speed type that lets you fine-tune the image quickly.
Flaws but not dealbreakers. The 70mm objective gathers less light than the 80mm and 85mm scopes on this list, so the image will dim noticeably in low-light conditions. The included tripod is adequate for casual use but feels a bit flimsy in strong wind.
If you want something that performs better in low light, the WOZEL 25-75×80 below has a larger 80mm lens that brightens the view at dusk.
Tripod: The included tripod is serviceable for tabletop use but may not be tall enough for comfortable standing viewing. You can replace it with a standard tripod later.
Pros
  • Very affordable, great value for a full kit with tripod and adapter
  • Compact and lightweight at under 1.5 lb, easy to carry
  • Clear, sharp images at 200 yards according to buyer reports
  • Angled eyepiece makes it comfortable to share with a group
See also  6 Best Durable Binoculars 2026
Cons
  • 70mm objective is dimmer in low light than 80mm+ scopes
  • Included tripod is short and a bit unstable in wind
  • Some users report the focus knob is stiff initially
Objective
70mm
Mag Range
25-75x
Prism
BAK-4
Waterproof
Lightly
Best for: Budget-conscious campers and day hikers who want a solid scope for daytime use and are okay with a smaller objective lens.

WOZEL 25-75×80 Spotting Scope Tripod Target: Best for Low Light

#3WOZEL 25-75x80 Spotting Scope Tripod Target
WOZEL80mm Lens, BAK-4 Prisms
8.6OUT OF 10
Optical Quality8.8
Build & Durability8.5
Value for Price8.6
Owner Satisfaction8.5
This is the pick for campers who plan to glass the treeline at dusk because the 80mm objective lens and BAK-4 prisms deliver a noticeably brighter image in low light than a 70mm scope. The WOZEL features a fully multi-coated lens system that reduces glare and improves contrast, which is exactly what you need when the sun drops behind the ridge. Buyer reviews frequently mention that the image stays sharp all the way to 75x, which is impressive for this price tier.
The kit includes a waterproof and fogproof body, a sturdy tripod, a phone adapter, and a carrying case. The scope is also nitrogen-purged to prevent internal fogging, a feature usually found on more expensive optics. The zoom ring has a nice, smooth resistance that lets you dial in the exact magnification without overshooting.
Flaws but not dealbreakers. The tripod is a bit heavy for a long hike, and the carrying case is basic. A few owners mention that the phone adapter feels a little plastic-y, but it does the job for taking quick photos.
If you want a more premium phone adapter setup, the Gosky Flagship DiamondEdge below has a more robust adapter that feels less flimsy.
Adapter: The included phone adapter is functional but may feel less durable than premium models. Upgrade to a metal adapter for a more secure fit.
Pros
  • 80mm objective with BAK-4 prisms for bright low-light views
  • Nitrogen-purged waterproof and fogproof body
  • Smooth zoom ring and dual-speed focus knob
  • Full kit includes tripod, case, and phone adapter
Cons
  • Tripod is heavier than average, less ideal for long hikes
  • Phone adapter feels plasticky and may not hold all phones securely
  • Carrying case is basic with minimal padding
Objective
80mm
Mag Range
25-75x
Prism
BAK-4
Waterproof
Yes
Best for: Campers who spend time glassing at dawn and dusk and want a bright, waterproof scope without paying premium prices.

Gosky Flagship DiamondEdge Spotting Scope 20-60×80: Best for Versatility

#4Gosky Flagship DiamondEdge Spotting Scope 20-60x80
GoskyDiamondEdge Coating, Solid Tripod
8.7OUT OF 10
Optical Quality9.0
Build & Durability8.8
Value for Price8.5
Owner Satisfaction8.6
This is the versatile pick for campers who want one scope that handles bird watching in the morning and target shooting in the afternoon without compromising on image quality. The Gosky Flagship DiamondEdge uses a proprietary lens coating that reduces chromatic aberration and improves color fidelity, which means you see true-to-life colors rather than a washed-out image. At 20-60x magnification through an 80mm objective, you get a wide enough field of view at low power to track birds and enough reach at high power to inspect distant ridges.
The included tripod is a step above the budget models, with a pan head that lets you follow moving subjects smoothly. The phone adapter is also better built than the one that comes with the WOZEL, with a more secure clamp. Owners consistently praise the “DiamondEdge” coating for cutting glare in bright sunlight, making it a great choice for alpine camping where the sun is harsh.
Flaws but not dealbreakers. The scope is a bit heavier than the SVBONY SV28, and the zoom ring requires a bit more effort to turn than the WOZEL. Some buyers report that the carrying case feels a bit snug with the tripod attached.
If you want something lighter for backpacking, the SVBONY SV28 is a more compact option, though you sacrifice some low-light performance and the DiamondEdge coating.
Tripod: The pan head tripod is great for smooth movement, but it is not the most stable on very windy ridgelines. You may want to hang a weight from the center column.
Pros
  • DiamondEdge coating reduces glare and improves color accuracy
  • Solid pan-head tripod allows smooth tracking of moving subjects
  • Better-built phone adapter with a secure clamp
  • Waterproof and fogproof for all-weather camping
Cons
  • Heavier than the SVBONY SV28, not ideal for ultralight trips
  • Zoom ring requires more effort than some competitors
  • Carrying case is a tight fit with the tripod attached
Objective
80mm
Mag Range
20-60x
Prism
BAK-4
Waterproof
Yes
Best for: Campers who want a single scope that works well for both wildlife observation and target shooting, with excellent color rendition.

Firefield SE Spotting Scope Tripod: Best Entry-Level

#5Firefield SE Spotting Scope Tripod
FirefieldSimple, Affordable, Basic
7.8OUT OF 10
Optical Quality7.5
Build & Durability7.8
Value for Price8.2
Owner Satisfaction7.7
This is the entry-level pick for campers who want a spotting scope purely for casual daytime use and are not ready to invest much money. The Firefield SE is a straightforward straight-through scope with a 60mm objective and a fixed 20-60x zoom. It does not have the premium coatings or large objective of the higher-ranked scopes, but it gets the job done for basic identification of distant landmarks and wildlife during the day. Owner reviews describe it as a “good starter scope” for kids or occasional campers.
The included tripod is very basic, with plastic leg locks, but it works on a flat picnic table. The scope itself is lightweight, which is a plus for tossing in a car trunk. The image is acceptable in good light, but you will notice a drop in brightness and clarity at higher magnifications compared to the BAK-4 scopes on this list.
Flaws but not dealbreakers. The optical quality is noticeably lower than the SVBONY SV28 or the WOZEL. The image gets soft at 60x, and the tripod is not stable enough for windy conditions. There is no phone adapter included, so you will need to buy one separately if you want to take photos.
If you want a sharper image and a better overall experience for just a bit more, the SVBONY SV28 is a significant step up in clarity and still very affordable.
Tripod: The included tripod is very basic and may not hold the scope steady at high magnification. Consider upgrading to a sturdier tripod for better stability.
Pros
  • Very affordable, lowest entry price on this list
  • Lightweight and easy to pack for casual car camping
  • Simple straight-through design is easy to use
  • Decent daytime image quality for the price
Cons
  • Optical quality is lower than BAK-4 scopes, soft at 60x
  • No phone adapter included
  • Included tripod is flimsy and unstable in wind
Objective
60mm
Mag Range
20-60x
Prism
BK-7
Waterproof
No
Best for: First-time buyers or families on a tight budget who only need a scope for occasional daytime use at the campsite.

BarskaSpotting Scope: Best Ultra-Budget

#6BarskaSpotting Scope
BarskaMinimal, Functional, Cheap
7.5OUT OF 10
Optical Quality7.0
Build & Durability7.2
Value for Price8.5
Owner Satisfaction7.3
This is the absolute minimum viable scope for campers who need to spend as little as possible and understand the optical compromises involved. The BarskaSpotting Scope is a basic 20-60x60mm straight-through scope with a simple tripod. It uses BK-7 prisms instead of the higher-quality BAK-4, which means the image is less bright and has a slightly softer edge. Buyer reviews are mixed, with many saying it is “fine for the price” but not something you would rely on for serious wildlife observation.
The scope is lightweight and the tripod is passable for tabletop use. It is not waterproof, so you need to keep it dry. The focus knob is functional but not as smooth as the more expensive scopes. This is really a scope for introducing a child to spotting or for a single camping trip where you might not care if it gets damaged.
Flaws but not dealbreakers. The optical quality is the lowest on this list, with noticeable chromatic aberration (color fringing) at high magnification. The tripod is wobbly, and there is no phone adapter included. It is also not waterproof or fogproof.
If you can stretch your budget even a little, the SVBONY SV28 offers a much better image and better build quality for a small step up in price.
Waterproofing: This scope is not waterproof. Keep it in a dry bag or away from rain to avoid internal fogging and damage.
Pros
  • Lowest price on the list, accessible for any budget
  • Lightweight and easy to carry for short trips
  • Straight-through design is intuitive to use
  • Functional for basic daytime identification
See also  What Is the Best Fuel for a Fire Pit
Cons
  • BK-7 prisms produce a dimmer, less sharp image than BAK-4
  • Not waterproof or fogproof, sensitive to moisture
  • No phone adapter included, tripod is wobbly
Objective
60mm
Mag Range
20-60x
Prism
BK-7
Waterproof
No
Best for: Campers who need a scope for a single trip or for a child, and are willing to accept low optical quality for the lowest possible price.

Celestron Ultima 20-60×80 Angled Spotting Scope: Best for Astronomy Tilt

#7Celestron Ultima 20-60x80 Angled Spotting Scope
CelestronMulti-Coated, Rotating Tripod Mount
8.5OUT OF 10
Optical Quality8.7
Build & Durability8.5
Value for Price8.2
Owner Satisfaction8.6
This is the best pick for campers who also want to do casual stargazing, because the angled eyepiece and rotating tripod mount make it comfortable to point at the night sky. Celestron is a well-known name in the astronomy world, and the Ultima series benefits from fully multi-coated optics that produce a bright, crisp image. The 80mm objective gathers enough light to see the moons of Jupiter and the rings of Saturn under dark skies, which is a nice bonus after the campfire dies down.
The rotating tripod mount allows you to adjust the angle of the eyepiece without moving the whole tripod, which is great for sharing views with a group of people. The scope is also fully waterproof and fogproof, so you can leave it set up overnight without worrying about dew. The focus knob is smooth and precise, which is important for fine-tuning the image at high magnification.
Flaws but not dealbreakers. The included tripod is adequate but not the sturdiest, and the scope is a bit heavy for backpacking. The phone adapter is not included, so you will need to buy one separately for digiscoping. The price is also higher than the similar Gosky or WOZEL, but you are paying for the Celestron brand and its reputation in optics.
If you want a scope that is more versatile for daytime use and includes a phone adapter, the Gosky Flagship DiamondEdge is a better value for pure terrestrial viewing.
Adapter: No phone adapter is included with this scope. Factor in the cost of a separate adapter if you plan to take photos through the eyepiece.
Pros
  • Fully multi-coated optics deliver bright, crisp images
  • Angled eyepiece with rotating mount is great for astronomy
  • Waterproof and fogproof, handles dew overnight
  • Smooth, precise focus knob for fine adjustments
Cons
  • No phone adapter included, adds to overall cost
  • Heavier than many competitors, not for backpacking
  • Included tripod is adequate but not premium
Objective
80mm
Mag Range
20-60x
Prism
BAK-4
Waterproof
Yes
Best for: Campers who enjoy casual astronomy and want a scope that works well for both daytime wildlife viewing and nighttime stargazing.

30-90×92 UHD High-Power Spotting Scope Phone: Best for Extreme Reach

#830-90x92 UHD High-Power Spotting Scope Phone
30-90×92 UHD High-Power Spotting Scope Phone
30-90×9292mm Objective, UHD Optics
9.0OUT OF 10
Optical Quality9.3
Build & Durability9.0
Value for Price8.8
Owner Satisfaction9.0
This is the pick for campers who want the most magnification and the brightest image possible, with a 92mm objective that pulls in every scrap of light and a 90x top end for extreme reach. The 30-90×92 UHD scope is the big dog of this lineup. The 92mm objective lens is the largest here, and it makes a real difference in low light. Owner feedback consistently rates the image clarity as excellent even at 90x, which is rare at this price level. The UHD (Ultra High Definition) optics are designed to minimize chromatic aberration and deliver a flat, sharp field across the entire zoom range.
The kit includes a heavy-duty tripod that is much more stable than the budget models, and a phone adapter is included. The scope is also fully waterproof and fogproof. The zoom ring is damped and smooth, and the focus knob is sensitive enough for fine adjustments at high magnification. This is a serious tool for serious observation.
Flaws but not dealbreakers. This is the heaviest and most expensive scope on the list. It is not a scope you want to carry on a long hike. The tripod, while stable, adds to the overall weight. The high magnification also means you need a very stable setup to avoid image shake, so you will want to use a remote shutter release for your phone.
If you need a lighter scope for a backpacking trip, the SVBONY SV28 is a much more portable option, though you sacrifice the extreme reach and light-gathering of the 92mm objective.
Tripod: The heavy-duty tripod is stable but heavy. This scope is best for car camping or base-camp setups where weight is not an issue.
Pros
  • 92mm objective lens provides the brightest image in this lineup
  • 90x magnification for extreme reach on distant details
  • UHD optics minimize chromatic aberration and deliver sharp images
  • Heavy-duty tripod provides excellent stability at high magnification
Cons
  • Heaviest scope on the list, not suitable for backpacking
  • Most expensive option, a significant investment
  • High magnification requires a very stable setup to avoid shake
Objective
92mm
Mag Range
30-90x
Prism
BAK-4
Waterproof
Yes
Best for: Dedicated campers and outdoor enthusiasts who want the highest possible magnification and image quality for car camping or base-camp setups.

Buying Guide: Objective Lens Size, Magnification, Prism Type, and Waterproofing

Choosing a spotting scope for camping comes down to four key factors. Here is how to think about each one.

How big should the objective lens be?

The objective lens is the big lens at the front. It determines how much light the scope can gather. A larger objective means a brighter image, especially in low light.

See also  8 Best Budget Spotting Scope 2026

For camping, the scopes here range from 60mm to 92mm. The 60mm scopes like the Firefield SE and Barska are fine for bright daytime use, but they get dim quickly at dusk. The 70mm SVBONY SV28 is a step up.

The 80mm scopes, including the WOZEL, Gosky, and Celestron, offer a good balance of brightness and portability. The 85mm WOSPORTS and the 92mm UHD scope are the brightest, best for glassing at dawn and dusk.

The trade-off is weight. A 92mm scope is significantly heavier than a 70mm scope. If you are backpacking, a 70mm or 80mm scope is a better choice.

If you are car camping, the bigger objective is worth the weight.

What magnification range do you need?

Most camping scopes offer a zoom range, typically from 20-60x or 25-75x. The 30-90×92 UHD scope goes up to 90x, which is extreme.

For general camping and wildlife viewing, a 20-60x range is plenty. At 20x, you have a wide enough field of view to find animals and track them. At 60x, you can see fine details like the texture of a bird's feathers or the rings of Saturn.

Higher magnification like 90x sounds impressive, but it requires a very stable tripod and still conditions. Heat shimmer on a sunny day can blur the image at high magnification. For most campers, 60x is the practical limit.

BAK-4 vs BK-7 prisms: does it matter?

Yes, it matters. Prisms are the glass elements inside the scope that flip the image the right way up. BAK-4 (Barium Crown Glass) is higher quality than BK-7 (Borosilicate Crown Glass).

BAK-4 prisms produce a rounder, brighter exit pupil and sharper image. BK-7 prisms create a slightly clipped exit pupil, which means a dimmer image. Every scope on this list except the Firefield SE and the Barska uses BAK-4 prisms.

Those two use BK-7, which is a major reason for their lower scores.

If you want a bright, clear image, look for a scope with BAK-4 prisms. The difference is noticeable even in daylight.

Do you need waterproofing?

A waterproof scope is filled with nitrogen or argon gas and sealed with O-rings. This prevents moisture and dust from getting inside and stops the lens from fogging up internally.

For camping, waterproofing is a big advantage. You never know when a sudden rain shower will hit. A waterproof scope can sit out in the rain without damage.

The WOSPORTS, WOZEL, Gosky, Celestron, and the 30-90×92 UHD scope are all waterproof. The SVBONY SV28 is lightly waterproof. The Firefield SE and Barska are not waterproof at all.

If you camp in a rainy climate or near water, waterproofing is essential. It also adds peace of mind.

To see how these factors play out on real picks, compare the WOSPORTS 85mm Spotting Scope Tripod, SVBONY SV28 Spotting Scope and the WOZEL 25-75×80 Spotting Scope Tripod Target reviewed above.

Who Should NOT Buy Best Spotting Scope for Camping

A spotting scope is not the right tool for every outdoor situation. There are three types of campers who should skip this category entirely.

You Need to Save Weight and Space

If you are backpacking and every ounce matters, a spotting scope is heavy. The 70mm SVBONY SV28 is the lightest option here, but it still weighs over 1.5 lb with the tripod. The 85mm and 92mm scopes are even heavier.

What to look at instead: A pair of compact binoculars. Binoculars are lighter, more portable, and perfectly adequate for most campers who just want to see wildlife at a moderate distance. Check out our guide to the best budget-friendly binoculars for a lighter alternative.

You Only Need a Quick Look

If you just want to see what is on the other side of the lake for a few seconds, a spotting scope is overkill. Setting up a tripod, adjusting the focus, and packing it away takes time.

What to look at instead: A monocular or a compact set of binoculars. A monocular is like a mini spotting scope you can hold in your hand. It is faster to use and much easier to pack.

You Are on an Ultra-Low Budget

If you cannot spend more than the cost of a basic pocket knife, you will be tempted by the Firefield SE or the Barska. But they are not good investments. The BK-7 prisms and lack of waterproofing mean you will likely end up replacing them after a season.

What to look at instead: Save your money and buy a used pair of binoculars from a reputable brand. A used pair of Nikon or Celestron binoculars will give you a better viewing experience than a new budget spotting scope.

Final Verdict

The WOSPORTS 85mm Spotting Scope with Tripod is our top pick for the best spotting scope for camping. It combines the largest practical objective lens (85mm) with a waterproof body and a full kit that includes a tripod, phone adapter, and carrying bag. It is the best balance of brightness, durability, and value for the vast majority of campers.

Want a more budget-friendly option that is still good? The SVBONY SV28 delivers clear images at 200 yards and is much lighter and cheaper. It is the best choice for day hikers and budget-conscious buyers.

Need the brightest possible image for low-light viewing? The WOZEL 25-75×80 or the 30-90×92 UHD scope are your best bets. The WOZEL is a great value, while the 30-90×92 UHD is the ultimate for extreme reach and image quality.

If you are not sure whether a spotting scope is right for you, go back to the Who Should NOT Buy section above. A pair of binoculars might be a better fit for your specific needs.

FAQ

What is the best spotting scope for camping overall?

The WOSPORTS 85mm Spotting Scope with Tripod is our top pick. It offers the best combination of a large 85mm objective lens, waterproof build, and a complete kit that includes a tripod, phone adapter, and carrying bag.

Is a spotting scope worth it for camping?

For dedicated campers who enjoy wildlife observation, target shooting, or stargazing, a spotting scope is a worthwhile investment. It provides much more detail than binoculars at long distances. However, for casual campers or those who prioritize weight savings, binoculars are a better choice.

What magnification is best for a camping spotting scope?

A magnification range of 20-60x is ideal for most camping situations. It gives you a wide field of view at low power for finding animals and enough reach at high power for detailed observation. Higher magnification like 90x is useful but requires a very stable tripod.

Do I need a tripod for a spotting scope?

Yes, you need a tripod for any spotting scope above 20x magnification. The image shake at high magnification makes it impossible to see clearly without a stable support. All the scopes on this list include a tripod.

Can I use a spotting scope for stargazing?

Yes, a spotting scope with an 80mm or larger objective lens can be used for casual stargazing. The Celestron Ultima 20-60×80 is a good choice for this purpose because of its angled eyepiece and rotating tripod mount. You can see the moons of Jupiter and the rings of Saturn under dark skies.

What is the difference between BAK-4 and BK-7 prisms?

BAK-4 prisms are made from higher-quality glass that produces a brighter, sharper image with a round exit pupil. BK-7 prisms are cheaper and produce a dimmer, slightly clipped image. For camping, a scope with BAK-4 prisms is worth the extra cost.

Similar Posts

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *